XBAR THEORY FREE

It should also be noted that in equative sentences (e.g., eu sou a Maria (= I am Maria)) Principle C is cancelled - cf.

XBAR THEORY FREE

In fact, if we want Principle C to apply to variables we have to formulate it along the following lines: an R-expression is free in the domain of the operator that locally A'-binds it. derives this difference from the status of AGR in French (more generally, in Romance languages) and in English.

We will adopt here the disjunctive version along the lines of. Some authors have claimed that the ECP should have a conjunctive and not a disjunctive formulation - that is, that both lexical and antecedent government should be needed for the trace licensing. has proposed to generalize X-bar theory to the COMP system. This requirement calls to mind Emonds's Structure Preserving Condition. In languages where I is specified for Tense and Agreement, the unmarked option seems to be the following one: if I is, then it is in this respect, Portuguese represents the marked option, since in contexts, I may be - that is what happens in inflected infinitive contexts. On the contrary, it has been claimed that, in English, prepositions are accusative Case assigners. An interesting piece of evidence supporting this claim is provided by the distribution of the inflected infinitive in European Portuguese - see. The D-structure corresponding to Figure 15 is, according to, ]] Crucially, in his analysis, the double object construction is a result of a process of argument demotion, where NP2 is demoted and hence occurs as a V' adjunct. ДЄccording to, X is S - what would now be considered a small clause, that is, a predication domain distinct from a sentence. 86.Д«ut see and for the view that determiners, quantifiers and degree phrases are functional heads.ДЇor the analysis of these constructions in Portuguese see. S-selection stands for semantic selection, that is, the semantic (= thematic) role(s) a lexical item assigns c-selection stands for categorial selection, that is, the syntactic category occupying the position to which that lexical item assigns a specific П‘-role. Besides providing a way to express base structures compatible with the lexicalist hypothesis, X-bar theory worked as a powerful constraint on phrase-structure rules: in this respect, it played a role similar to the one the Tensed-S Condition, the Specified Subject Condition and the Subjacency Condition played in constraining transformational rules (see ).ДЇor a view where succession only holds of non-lexical, that is functional, projections, see. X-bar theory - or, as it was then called, вЂX-bar notationвЂ™ - was proposed in as part of an attempt to establish a new division of labour between lexicon and syntax in the model of grammar (see see also a similar proposal in, chapter 16, referred to in p.

82 for a somewhat more formal definition of the Projection Principle, see p. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors.

In particular, the distinction between lexical and functional heads plays a crucial role in the definition of barriers for government and movement.

In the second place, X-bar theory makes it possible to вЂњtranslateвЂќ into configurational terms lexical properties on which are based distinctions between arguments and adjuncts moreover, the translation of such properties into configurational terms makes it possible to distinguish structurally between external and internal arguments - a distinction that is well supported by empirical facts.ДЇinally, X-bar theory (together with c-command or some of its variants) provides the referential frame for the formulation of local relations (e.g., government, proper government, Case-assignment, П‘-assignment) and of local domains (e.g., for movement and binding). At the same time, since some of its principles are associated with parameters, X-bar theory is a flexible enough tool to account for language variation. In the first place, it constrains the format of syntactic representations in a radical way, thus allowing Grammar to do without specific phrase structure rules (except for a residue of language particular phenomena), and contributing вЂњto account for the relative ease of language acquisition and the impossibility of certain language typesвЂќ. We have shown that in GB theory X-bar theory plays a crucial role.

Xbar theory